Multi-scale Radio and X-Ray Structure of the High-redshift Quasar PMN J0909+0354

Abstract

The high-redshift quasar PMN J0909+0354 (z = 3.288) is known to have a parsec-scale compact jet structure, based on global 5 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations performed in 1992. Its kiloparsec-scale structure was studied with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in the radio and the Chandra space telescope in X-rays. Apart from the north-northwestern jet component seen in both the VLA and Chandra images at 2.″3 separation from the core, there is another X-ray feature at 6.″48 in the northeastern (NE) direction. To uncover more details and possible structural changes in the inner jet, we conducted new observations at 5 GHz using the European VLBI Network in 2019. These data confirm the northward direction of the one-sided inner jet already suspected from the 1992 observations. A compact core and multiple jet components were identified that can be traced up to ∼0.25 kpc projected distance toward the north, where the structure becomes more and more diffuse. A comparison with arcsecond-resolution imaging with the VLA shows that the radio jet bends by ∼30 between the two scales. The direction of the parsec-scale jet as well as the faint optical counterpart found for the newly detected X-ray point source (NE) favors the nature of the latter as being a background or foreground object in the field of view. However, the extended (∼160 kpc) emission around the positions of the quasar core and NE detected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in the mid-infrared might suggest a physical interaction of the two objects.