Between Earth and Wall

Stratified Ground Activation at Ingermanland Bastion, Tallinn

Master Thesis (2026)
Author(s)

Hao Feng Chuah Hao Feng (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Contributor(s)

K.M. Havik – Mentor (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

P.H.M. Jennen – Mentor (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)

Faculty
Architecture and the Built Environment
More Info
expand_more
Publication Year
2026
Language
English
Graduation Date
25-06-2026
Awarding Institution
Delft University of Technology
Programme
Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences
Faculty
Architecture and the Built Environment
Downloads counter
14
Reuse Rights

Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons.

Abstract

This graduation project began from my interest in time as an architectural condition. During my visit to Estonia, and especially through walking in Tallinn, I became increasingly aware that time is not only present in monuments, preserved façades or historical narratives. It is also embedded in less immediate visible conditions such as changes in ground level, traces of former infrastructures, reused structures, fragmented walls, buried passages, material junctions and everyday patterns of movement.

Rather than understanding time as a chronological sequence, this project approaches time as something spatial. Cities accumulate time through construction, erasure, adaptation, abandonment and reuse. These processes do not always produce clear historical readings. More often, they result in overlap, discontinuity, concealment and coexistence. A wall may remain visible while its former function disappears. A ground level may rise until a former entrance becomes a basement. A tunnel may persist below the surface while the city above develops another life. These spatial contradictions became central to the way I understand temporal layering in architecture.

Tallinn offers a particularly rich context for exploring these ideas. Its urban fabric contains medieval structures, defensive systems, adapted buildings, underground passages, contemporary urban surfaces and everyday civic uses that coexist both horizontally and vertically. However, many of these layers are not easily experienced as part of daily life. They are often hidden beneath the ground, isolated as heritage objects, or passed by without deeper spatial engagement.

Files

License info not available