RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete
Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis
Gregor J.G. Gluth (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Berlin)
Xinyuan Ke (University of Bath)
Anya Vollpracht (RWTH Aachen University)
Susan A. Bernal (University of Leeds)
Özlem Cizer (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)
Martin Cyr (Université de Toulouse)
Katja Dombrowski-Daube (University of Technology Bergakademie Freiberg)
Dan Geddes (University of Sheffield)
Marija Nedeljkovic (TU Delft - Materials and Environment)
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Abstract
The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.