Development of a photonic crystal spectrometer for greenhouse gas measurements
Marijn Siemons (SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Martijn Veen (SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Irina Malysheva (TU Delft - Optical Technologies, SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Johannes Algera (TU Delft - Spaceborne Instrumentation, SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Stefan Philippi (Student TU Delft, SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Kirill Antonov (Universiteit Leiden)
Niki van Stein (Universiteit Leiden)
Jérôme Loicq (TU Delft - Spaceborne Instrumentation)
Nandini Bhattacharya (TU Delft - Optical Technologies, TU Delft - ImPhys/Medical Imaging)
René Berlich (European Space Agency (ESA))
Anna V. Kononova (Universiteit Leiden)
Ralf Kohlhaas (TU Delft - Optical Technologies, SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
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Abstract
The need of atmospheric information with a higher spatial and temporal resolution drives the development of small satellites and satellite constellations to complement satellite flagship missions. Since optical systems are a main contributor to the satellite size, these are the prime candidate for their miniaturization. We present here a novel optical system where the complete spectrometer part of the optical system is compressed in one flat optical element. The element consists of an array of photonic crystals which is directly placed on a detector. The photonic crystals act as optical filters with a tunable spectral transmission response. From the integrated optical signals per filter and the atmosphere model, greenhouse gas concentrations are obtained using computational inversion. We present in this article the instrument concept, the manufacturing and measurement of the photonic crystals, methods for the filter array optimization, and discuss the predicted retrieval performance for the detection of methane and carbon dioxide.