Integrating InSAR and numerical modelling to analyse landslide-bridge interaction
Erica Cernuto (Università degli Studi di Perugia)
Diana Salciarini (Università degli Studi di Perugia)
Filippo Ubertini (Università degli Studi di Perugia)
Giorgia Giardina (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
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Abstract
Landslides that affect critical infrastructure pose significant challenges in understanding their dynamics and assessing the risks to structures. To address these phenomena, this study adopts a combined approach that integrates InSAR satellite monitoring with three-dimensional numerical modelling to achieve a more comprehensive characterisation than using each method in isolation. InSAR is effective in detecting surface deformations and their temporal evolution over large areas, but it is limited by its one-dimensional Line-of-Sight geometry and its inability to capture deep-seated movements or to simulate the internal evolution of the landslide. Numerical modelling complements these observations by reconstructing displacements along the main direction of movement, defining the trajectory of the landslide, and providing insight into its internal processes. At the same time, InSAR data offer direct observations of surface movements that are essential for validating numerical results. The aim of this work is to combine the two techniques to analyse the landslide-bridge interaction. Although the case study is exemplary, the results have broader applicability and highlight the advantages of the integrated approach. The InSAR analysis revealed predominantly transverse displacements, with a less significant vertical component, consistent with the observed kinematics, enriching traditional observations and improving the understanding of landslide behaviour on a regional scale. Numerical modelling confirmed this pattern and revealed significant displacements in the structural elements of the bridge, with tilting downstream caused by the horizontal thrust of the landslide. It also provided insights into areas lacking satellite coverage, particularly at the toe of the slope. The comparison between observed and simulated displacements increased the reliability of the results and supported the identification of critical areas. The integrated approach improved the ability to monitor and predict landslide impacts, serving as a valuable tool for risk management and infrastructure protection in vulnerable areas, with broad applicability to similar phenomena.