Characterisation of Arresters for Harmonic Overvoltage Studies

Evaluating Surge Arrester TOV Withstand Characteristics in Transients

Master Thesis (2025)
Author(s)

S.P.P. Dhulipala (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)

Contributor(s)

C.S. Engelbrecht – Mentor (TU Delft - High Voltage Technology Group)

F.A. Muñoz Muñoz – Mentor (TU Delft - High Voltage Technology Group)

M. Popov – Mentor (TU Delft - Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)

Dennis van der Born – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - High Voltage Technology Group)

Faculty
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Graduation Date
27-08-2025
Awarding Institution
Delft University of Technology
Programme
['Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology']
Faculty
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
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Abstract

Metal oxide surge arresters constitute the primary overvoltage protection in power systems, yet their behaviour under harmonic-rich conditions remains inadequately understood. Modern grids face unprecedented challenges from three converging trends: extensive cable networks that shift resonant frequencies, renewable energy integration with inverter-based generation, and massive data centre loads with power electronic interfaces. These developments create harmonic resonance conditions that stress surge arresters beyond traditional design assumptions.

This research develops comprehensive frequency-dependent analysis techniques to investigate surge arrester behaviour across the operational frequency spectrum. Through systematic characterization of gapless zinc oxide varistors, the study reveals previously overlooked loss mechanisms arising from distributed grain boundary effects within the polycrystalline microstructure. These findings demonstrate that conventional frequency-independent models significantly underestimate thermal stress during harmonic temporary overvoltages, explaining discrepancies between predicted and observed failure rates.

To address these limitations, a novel fractional-order circuit model is developed that captures both dielectric relaxation phenomena and voltage-dependent nonlinear conduction. The modelling framework employs phase-sensitive decomposition techniques to separate capacitive and resistive current components, enabling accurate representation of frequency-dependent behaviour. Validation against experimental data confirms that harmonic content fundamentally alters energy dissipation patterns in ways that existing models cannot predict.

The research establishes that surge arrester quality assessment must consider frequency-dependent effects as well as voltage magnitude. The developed characterization methodology and modelling tools provide essential capabilities for evaluating surge arrester performance in modern cable-intensive, renewable-integrated grids with significantly intermittent loads, contributing to more resilient protection systems for evolving power networks.

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