Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) technique
A test case of the Mars Express Phobos fly-by
D. A. Duev (Moscow State University, California Institute of Technology, Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC)
S. V. Pogrebenko (Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC)
G. Cimò (Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC)
G. Molera Calvés (Aalto University, Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC)
T. M. Bocanegra Bahamón (Astrodynamics & Space Missions, Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
L. I. Gurvits (Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Astrodynamics & Space Missions)
M. M. Kettenis (Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC)
J. Kania (Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Carnegie Mellon University)
V. Tudose (Institute for Space Sciences, Bucharest)
P. Rosenblatt (Royal Observatory of Belgium)
J. C. Marty (CNES Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales)
V. Lainey (IMCCE-Obs de Paris)
P. De Vicente (Observatorio de Yebes (IGN))
J. Quick (Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory)
M. Nickola (Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory)
A. Neidhardt (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy)
G. Kronschnabl (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy)
C. Ploetz (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy)
R. Haas (Onsala Space Observatory)
M. Lindqvist (Onsala Space Observatory)
A. Orlati (Radio Observatory Medicina)
A. V. Ipatov (Russian Academy of Sciences)
M. A. Kharinov (Russian Academy of Sciences)
A. G. Mikhailov (Russian Academy of Sciences)
J. E J Lovell (University of Tasmania)
J. N. McCallum (University of Tasmania)
J. Stevens (Australia Telescope National Facility)
S. A. Gulyaev (Auckland University of Technology)
T. Natush (Auckland University of Technology)
S. Weston (Auckland University of Technology)
W. H. Wang (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai)
B. Xia (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
W. J. Yang (Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
L. F. Hao (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
J. Kallunki (Aalto University)
O. Witasse (European Space Agency (ESA))
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Abstract
Context. The closest ever fly-by of the Martian moon Phobos, performed by the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft, gives a unique opportunity to sharpen and test the Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiments (PRIDE) technique in the interest of studying planet-satellite systems. Aims. The aim of this work is to demonstrate a technique of providing high precision positional and Doppler measurements of planetary spacecraft using the Mars Express spacecraft. The technique will be used in the framework of Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiments in various planetary missions, in particular in fly-by mode. Methods. We advanced a novel approach to spacecraft data processing using the techniques of Doppler and phase-referenced very long baseline interferometry spacecraft tracking. Results. We achieved, on average, mHz precision (30 μm/s at a 10 s integration time) for radial three-way Doppler estimates and sub-nanoradian precision for lateral position measurements, which in a linear measure (at a distance of 1.4 AU) corresponds to ∼50 m.
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