Carbon-Iron Electron Transport Channels in Porphyrin–Graphene Complex for ppb-Level Room Temperature NO Gas Sensing
Yixun Gao (South China Normal University)
Jianqiang Wang (South China Normal University)
Yancong Feng (South China Normal University)
Nengjie Cao (South China Normal University)
Hao Li (South China Normal University, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics)
Nicolaas Frans de Rooij (South China Normal University)
Ahmad Umar (Najran University)
Paddy J. French (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
Yao Wang (South China Normal University)
Guofu Zhou (South China Normal University)
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Abstract
It is a great challenge to develop efficient room-temperature sensing materials and sensors for nitric oxide (NO) gas, which is a biomarker molecule used in the monitoring of inflammatory respiratory diseases. Herein, Hemin (Fe (III)-protoporphyrin IX) is introduced into the nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) to obtain a novel sensing material HNG-ethanol. Detailed XPS spectra and DFT calculations confirm the formation of carbon–iron bonds in HNG-ethanol during synthesis process, which act as electron transport channels from graphene to Hemin. Owing to this unique chemical structure, HNG-ethanol exhibits superior gas sensing properties toward NO gas (Ra/Rg = 3.05, 20 ppm) with a practical limit of detection (LOD) of 500 ppb and reliable repeatability (over 5 cycles). The HNG-ethanol sensor also possesses high selectivity against other exhaled gases, high humidity resistance, and stability (less than 3% decrease over 30 days). In addition, a deep understanding of the gas sensing mechanisms is proposed for the first time in this work, which is instructive to the community for fabricating sensing materials based on graphene-iron derivatives in the future.