A Conceptual Framework for AI-based Decision Systems in Critical Infrastructures

Preprint (2025)
Author(s)

Milad Leyli-abadi

Ricardo J. Bessa

Jan Viebahn

Daniel Boos

Clark Borst (TU Delft - Control & Simulation)

Alberto Castagna

Ricardo Chavarriaga

Mohamed Hassouna

Bruno Lemetayer

Giulia Leto (TU Delft - Operations & Environment)

Antoine Marot

Maroua Meddeb

Manuel Meyer

Viola Schiaffonati

Manuel Schneider

Toni Waefler

Research Group
Operations & Environment
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2504.16133
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Research Group
Operations & Environment

Abstract

The interaction between humans and AI in safety-critical systems presents a unique set of challenges that remain partially addressed by existing frameworks. These challenges stem from the complex interplay of requirements for transparency, trust, and explainability, coupled with the necessity for robust and safe decision-making. A framework that holistically integrates human and AI capabilities while addressing these concerns is notably required, bridging the critical gaps in designing, deploying, and maintaining safe and effective systems. This paper proposes a holistic conceptual framework for critical infrastructures by adopting an interdisciplinary approach. It integrates traditionally distinct fields such as mathematics, decision theory, computer science, philosophy, psychology, and cognitive engineering and draws on specialized engineering domains, particularly energy, mobility, and aeronautics. Its flexibility is further demonstrated through a case study on power grid management.

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