High-Resolution Receiver for the Single Aperture Large Telescope for Universe Studies
J. R.G. Silva (SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research)
Christopher Walker (University of Arizona)
Craig Kulesa (University of Arizona)
Abram Young (University of Arizona)
J.R. Gao (SRON–Netherlands Institute for Space Research, TU Delft - ImPhys/Adam group)
Q. Hu (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Jeffrey Hesler (Virginia Diodes Inc.)
Anders Emrich (Omnisys Instruments AB)
Paul Hartogh (Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung)
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Abstract
The High-Resolution Receiver (HiRX) is one of two instruments of the Single Aperture Large Telescope for Universe Studies (SALTUS), a mission proposed to NASA's 2023 Astrophysics Probe Explorer. SALTUS employs a 14 m aperture, leading to a 16-fold increase in collecting area and a factor of 4 increase in the angular resolution with respect to the Herschel Space Telescope. It will be radiatively cooled to ≤45 K and has a planned duration of >5 years. HiRX consists of four bands of cryogenic heterodyne receivers with a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution, being able to observe the gaseous components of objects across the far-IR. HiRX is going to detect water, HD, and other relevant astrophysical lines while resolving them in velocity. HiRX covers the following frequency ranges: Band 1 from 455 to 575 GHz, Band 2 from 1.1 to 2.1 THz, Band 3 from 2.475 to 2.875 THz, and Band 4 for both 4.744 and 5.35 THz. Bands 1 to 3 contain single, high-performance mixers. Band 4 consists of an array of seven hexagonally packed pixels, where the central pixel operates as a heterodyne mixer. Band 1 utilizes superconducting-insulator-superconducting mixers (SIS), whereas Bands 2 to 4 use superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) system uses frequency-multiplier chains for Bands 1 and 2, and quantum cascade lasers for Bands 3 and 4. Autocorrelator spectrometers are used to process the intermediate frequency (IF) signals from each science band, providing instantaneous frequency coverage of 4 to 8 GHz for Band 1 and 0.5 to 4 GHz for Bands 2 to 4. SALTUS will also fly a chirp transform spectrometer system for high spectral resolution observations in Band 1.