Integration of 3D Cadastre, 3D Property Formation and BIM in Sweden

Abstract

This paper describes problems and solutions concerning interaction between BIM (Building Information Modelling) and the registration and visualisation of 3D real property information. Although BIM and 3D property are two seemingly different domains that have not been combined much in previous studies, the authors argue that they can interact and get benefits from other. Looking at procedures for 3D property formation, the use of BIM is not always considered or even discussed. The paper addresses the current 3D cadastre situation and possible future developments in Sweden. The research presented focuses on how BIM can add to and improve the 3D cadastre. The aim is not to create a combined 3D property and BIM model, but to discuss how these domains can interact to serve the needs for effective information handling by e.g. importing BIM/CAD drawings as a basis for 3D cadastral boundaries as input in the 3D cadastral formation process. A case study is made of the Nya Karolinska project, in which a new hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, is being constructed. By having data on each element, component and property of a building, BIM can provide input to 3D cadastre information for each element or the whole building in relation to surrounding properties. Although BIM is considered today as the most detailed and comprehensive object-oriented method of modelling buildings, it still does not fulfil the needs for modelling complete 3D cadastre. Therefore, in this paper, four different virtual surfaces are proposed to model the hospital buildings and create a complete 3D cadastre information system, namely “Building Elements Surfaces” that represent boundaries on the building elements, “Digging Surfaces” that exist for underground buildings (e.g. tunnels and car parking) or objects (e.g. foundations), “Protecting Area Surfaces” that are usually important to define restrictions on land use or other activities close to a property, and “Real Estate Boundary Surfaces” which are border lines extended in the vertical direction, or combining surfaces from the other three surface types. The study has resulted in a discussion of the use of BIM and 3D property information in the case of a large construction project, and a proposal of how these two domains could be combined in general and in particular in registration of 3D property objects. The study has shown possibilities for potential use of 3D cadastre for presenting its legal parts in several stages of the construction process.