Shifting Spaces

Abstract

This thesis examines the impact of Gerrit Rietveld’s innovative approach to flexible design, particularly in his iconic Schröder House (1924), on modern architecture and contemporary residential design. Rietveld’s pioneering use of movable partitions and open-plan layouts redefined the traditional concepts of space, providing inhabitants with the ability to adapt to their living environments according to their needs. The concept of spatial flexibility was a radical departure from the static, compartmentalized structures that dominated architectural design at the time. Rietveld’s approach emphasized user-centered design, allowing spaces to evolve dynamically based on the daily demands of the residents, and this idea resonated deeply with the modernist belief that architecture should serve human functionality. The thesis explores Rietveld’s principles of flexibility and adaptability in the Schröder House, tracing how these concepts influenced not only modernist architects like Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius but also contemporary design practices. As cities became more densely populated and living spaces more constrained, Rietveld’s flexible layouts anticipated modern needs for multifunctional spaces, which have become increasingly relevant today in response to urbanization, remote work, and sustainability concerns. However, the thesis also critically examines the limitations of applying Rietveld’s vision in the contemporary context. Although Rietveld’s design was groundbreaking for its time, modern inhabitants often find the practicalities of movable walls less appealing than originally envisioned. Issues such as the effort required to constantly reconfigure spaces, along with the increasing demand for stability, privacy, and routine in residential environments, challenge the ongoing applicability of flexible layouts. Studies show that many users eventually revert to fixed layouts, as the novelty of movable walls fades, highlighting a conflict between the idealized flexibility of Rietveld’s design and the reality of modern living preferences. Despite these challenges, the thesis emphasizes that Rietveld’s principles of spatial fluidity continue to influence contemporary architecture. The development of new technologies, such as smart home systems and automated modular designs, presents opportunities to address some of the practical barriers of flexible spaces. The thesis concludes by suggesting that further research is needed to explore how flexible design can be optimized to align with modern needs, considering both technological advancements and evolving societal preferences regarding stability, privacy, and convenience. Ultimately, while Rietveld’s vision for adaptable spaces remains a significant influence on modern architecture, it must be reinterpreted considering the practical demands of contemporary living.