Novel methods of sewage sludge utilization for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline-containing wastewater
X. Zhu (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai)
Wenyi Yuan (Shanghai WEEE Recycling Collaborative Innovation Center)
Maoqian Lang (Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai)
Guangyin Zhen (East China Normal University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security)
X Zhang (TU Delft - Sanitary Engineering)
Xueqin Lu (East China Normal University, Institute of Eco-Chongming)
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Abstract
Two types of novel municipal sewage sludge (SS) combined TiO
2
photocatalysts (ST
1
and ST
2
) were synthesized through calcination treatment under different atmospheres (air and N
2
). The morphology, structure, and chemical states of photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR, Raman UV–Vis, BET, and TG-IR. The results showed that ST
2
consisted of a mesoporous graphene-like structure (20.02 nm) displayed exhibited better visible light photocatalytic performances and the highest BET surface area and pore volume (92.97 m
2
g
−1
and 0.46 cm
3
/g). The doping of Carbon and transition metals (Al, Mg) in TiO
2
strengthened visible-light response by lowering the band gap. The photocatalytic ability is evaluated in the degradation of tetracycline, which is a typical antibiotic in the aquatic environment. The ST
2
photocatalytic efficiency under visible light than that of ST
1
and TiO
2
. The enhancement is formed together by porous surface and lower band gap of ST
2
, which could offer more active sites and facilitate faster electron-hole pair separation. In addition, the sludge-TiO
2
calcination in N
2
(ST
2
) has the potential to reduce CO
2
emission while recovering more energy from the sludge, which turned out to be a more cost-effective way to reutilization of sewage sludge compared with that of calcination in air.
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