Monolithic SPAD Arrays for High-Performance, Time-Resolved Single-Photon Imaging
Claudio Bruschini (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
Samuel Burri (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
Scott Lindner (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Universitat Zurich)
Arin C. Ulku (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
Chao Zhang (Student TU Delft)
Michel Antolović (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (OLD)Applied Quantum Architectures)
Martin Wolf (Universitat Zurich)
Edoardo Charbon (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
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Abstract
SPAD (single-photon avalanche diode) arrays are single-photon sensors, which enable photon counting and unparalleled time-resolved imaging. In this paper, we will detail the architecture and characteristics of three representative SPAD arrays, implemented in standard CMOS technologies and targeted to a range of applications such as biophotonics, basic sciences, and engineering. Two sensors feature a high-performance pixel and enable time-gated and TCSPC operation, respectively. The third sensor is a line array whose pixels are coupled on a one-To-one basis with an FPGA for flexible data acquisition and processing.
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