Adaptive Multi-Modal Doppler Spectrum Estimation
Apostolos Pappas (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
Tworit Dash (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
Jonas Heylen (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
Alexander Yarovoy (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
Francesco Fioranelli (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
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Abstract
Accurate Doppler moment estimation in weather radars is challenging when multiple scatterer populations create multi-modal velocity spectra. In this paper, an adaptive framework that combines an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm with folded-Gaussian mixture components to handle velocity aliasing is presented. An adaptive transmission policy adjusts pulse repetition time and coherent pulse count to improve Doppler resolution while avoiding ambiguities. Monte Carlo tests across drift regimes show adaptive selection clearly lowers estimation error when compared to fixed settings, and effectively reduces aliasing artifacts, enabling more robust multi-modal Doppler estimation.
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File under embargo until 14-12-2026