A transient, closed-loop network of wireless, body-integrated devices for autonomous electrotherapy
Yeon Sik Choi (Northwestern University, Sungkyunkwan University)
Hyoyoung Jeong (Northwestern University)
Rose T. Yin (The George Washington University)
Raudel Avila (Northwestern University)
Anna Pfenniger (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)
Jaeyoung Yoo (Northwestern University)
Jong Yoon Lee (Sibel Health, Niles, Northwestern University)
Andreas Tzavelis (Northwestern University)
Alina Y. Rwei (TU Delft - ChemE/Product and Process Engineering)
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Abstract
Temporary postoperative cardiac pacing requires devices with percutaneous leads and external wired power and control systems. This hardware introduces risks for infection, limitations on patient mobility, and requirements for surgical extraction procedures. Bioresorbable pacemakers mitigate some of these disadvantages, but they demand pairing with external, wired systems and secondary mechanisms for control. We present a transient closed-loop system that combines a time-synchronized, wireless network of skin-integrated devices with an advanced bioresorbable pacemaker to control cardiac rhythms, track cardiopulmonary status, provide multihaptic feedback, and enable transient operation with minimal patient burden. The result provides a range of autonomous, rate-adaptive cardiac pacing capabilities, as demonstrated in rat, canine, and human heart studies. This work establishes an engineering framework for closed-loop temporary electrotherapy using wirelessly linked, body-integrated bioelectronic devices.