Laboratory and on-site assessment of durability assessment of natural hydraulic lime plasters with encapsulated crystallization inhibitor

Abstract

Plasters and renders in historic buildings are often damaged by salt crystallization, because of their relatively low mechanical strength and their location at the surface of the wall, where evaporation and salt accumulation take place. Current solutions to provide plasters and renders with a better resistance with respect to salt decay are mostly based on the use of stronger binders, such as cement, or of water repellent additives. Unfortunately, both these solutions show often a low compatibility with the materials used in historic buildings.

In the past decade, research has been carried to improve the durability of plasters against salt damage by the use of crystallization inhibitors. Crystallization inhibitors are ions or molecules able to delay crystal nucleation and growth of the crystal by preferentially adsorbing on specific crystal faces. Sodium ferrocyanide (NaFeC) is a well-known inhibitor of sodium chloride. Past research has shown that NaFeC, is able to provide hydrated lime-based mortars with an improved resistance to salt decay? However, leaching of this water-soluble inhibitor may compromise its effect in time. Recently, encapsulation of NaFeC in chitosan-calcium alginate capsules was proven effective to control the release of the inhibitor in mortar. In this paper, the durability of a natural hydraulic lime plaster with encapsulated NaFeC crystallization inhibitor is discussed based on the results of laboratory accelerated salt weathering test and monitoring of test panels applied on site.