The Groundwater Flow Behavior and the Recharge in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System during the Wet and Arid Periods

Journal Article (2022)
Author(s)

Ahmed Mohamed (Assiut University)

Ezzat Ahmed (Assiut University)

Fahad Alshehri (King Saud University)

Ahmed Abdelrady (TU Delft - Water Resources)

Research Group
Water Resources
Copyright
© 2022 Ahmed Mohamed, Ezzat Ahmed, Fahad Alshehri, Ahmed Abdelrady
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116823
More Info
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Publication Year
2022
Language
English
Copyright
© 2022 Ahmed Mohamed, Ezzat Ahmed, Fahad Alshehri, Ahmed Abdelrady
Research Group
Water Resources
Issue number
11
Volume number
14
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Abstract

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is made up of three major sub-basins: Kufra, Dakhla, and the N. Sudan Platform. It is one of the world’s largest groundwater systems. The aquifer’s hydrologic setting, connectivity of its sub-basins, and groundwater flow across these sub-basins are currently unclear. To address these issues, we used a combined approach that included: (1) a regionally calibrated groundwater flow model that mimics early (>10,000 years) steady-state conditions under wet climatic periods and later (<10,000 years BP–1960; 1960–2010) transient conditions under arid climatic periods; and (2) groundwater ages (36 Cl,81 Kr) and isotopic (18 O,2 H) data. The NSAS was recharged on a regional scale in previous wet climatic periods; however, in dry periods, its outcrops are still receiving local modest recharge. A progressive increase in36 Cl groundwater ages was found along groundwater flow directions and along structures that are sub-parallel to the flow direction. The NE–SW Pelusium mega shear zone is a preferential groundwater flow conduit from the Kufra to the Dakhla sub-basin. The south-to-north groundwater flow is hampered by the Uweinat–Aswan basement uplift. The findings provide useful information about the best ways to use the NSAS.