Orientation-Locked DNA Origami for Stable Trapping of Small Proteins in the Nanopore Electro-Osmotic Trap
Chenyu Wen (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - BN/Cees Dekker Lab, Wageningen University & Research)
Eva Bertosin (TU Delft - BN/Cees Dekker Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Xin Shi (TU Delft - BN/Cees Dekker Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Cees Dekker (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - BN/Cees Dekker Lab)
Sonja Schmid (Wageningen University & Research)
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Abstract
Nanopores are versatile single-molecule sensors offering a simple label-free readout with great sensitivity. We recently introduced the nanopore electro-osmotic trap (NEOtrap) which can trap and sense single unmodified proteins for long times. The trapping is achieved by the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) generated from a DNA-origami sphere docked onto the pore, but thermal fluctuations of the origami limited the trapping of small proteins. Here, we use site-specific cholesterol functionalization of the origami sphere to firmly link it to the lipid-coated nanopore. We can lock the origami in either a vertical or horizontal orientation which strongly modulates the EOF. The optimized EOF greatly enhances the trapping capacity, yielding reduced noise, reduced measurement heterogeneity, an increased capture rate, and 100-fold extended observation times. We demonstrate the trapping of a variety of single proteins, including small ones down to 14 kDa. The cholesterol functionalization significantly expands the application range of the NEOtrap technology.
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