Iron assimilation and utilization in anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria
Christina Ferousi (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen)
Simon Lindhoud (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen)
Frauke Baymann (Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR 7281)
Boran Kartal (Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology)
M.S.M. Jetten (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Soehngen Institute of Anaerobic Microbiology, TU Delft - BT/Environmental Biotechnology)
Joachim Reimann (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen)
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Abstract
The most abundant transition metal in biological systems is iron. It is incorporated into protein cofactors and serves either catalytic, redox or regulatory purposes. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria rely heavily on iron-containing proteins – especially cytochromes – for their energy conservation, which occurs within a unique organelle, the anammoxosome. Both their anaerobic lifestyle and the presence of an additional cellular compartment challenge our understanding of iron processing. Here, we combine existing concepts of iron uptake, utilization and metabolism, and cellular fate with genomic and still limited biochemical and physiological data on anammox bacteria to propose pathways these bacteria may employ.
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