Three-dimensional transport poverty and its socio-demographic and urban density predictors

Spatial regression analyses of neighborhoods in the Amsterdam metropolitan area

Journal Article (2025)
Authors

Thijs Bon (Student TU Delft)

M. Bruno (TU Delft - Transport, Mobility and Logistics)

Niels van Oort (TU Delft - Transport, Mobility and Logistics)

Research Group
Transport, Mobility and Logistics
To reference this document use:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101340
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Research Group
Transport, Mobility and Logistics
Volume number
29
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101340
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Abstract

Reducing transport poverty can improve well-being and expand employment opportunities. This study investigates the relevance of socio-demographic and urban density predictors in relation to transport poverty contributor metrics for neighborhoods in the Amsterdam metropolitan area. Utilizing a spatial econometric framework, we assess the relevance of these predictors across three dimensions of transport poverty: mobility, accessibility, and affordability. Contrary to existing literature, our findings indicate that the demographic factors of gender and younger age are not significant predictors at the neighborhood level. Furthermore, the research identified a correlation between higher urban density and transport poverty. While higher urban density is associated with decreased car ownership rates and increased accessibility, it simultaneously correlates with higher public transport costs relative to income. Additionally, the method revealed a high cumulative spatial effect of income in connection with transport affordability, indicating spatially extensive income-related transport affordability disparities. Our research offers new insights into factors related to neighborhood-level transport poverty. The observed spatial dynamics call for targeted strategies that address the unique challenges for implementing equitable transport policies in both densely populated urban areas and less urbanized regions.