Predictors of Persistent Somatic Symptoms in the General Population

Predictors of Persistent Somatic Symptoms in the General Population: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Kitselaar, Willeke M. (Universiteit Leiden; Leiden University Medical Center)
Van Der Vaart, Rosalie (Universiteit Leiden)
Perschl, Johanna (Universiteit Leiden)
Numans, M.E. (Leiden University Medical Center)
Evers, A.W.M. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design; Universiteit Leiden)

2023

Objective Up to 10% of the general population experiences persistent somatic symptoms (PSS). Numerous studies in a variety of health domains are dedicated to identifying factors that are associated with PSS onset. The present study aimed to provide an overview of predictors for PSS onset in the general population and the related health domains. Methods A systematic search was performed identifying longitudinal cohort studies that examined factors associated with PSS onset in the general population. Included studies measured potential predictors before PSS onset and were categorized according to the dynamic biopsychosocial model. Four levels of evidence were discerned for predictors, based on the number of studies and percentage of consistent findings. Results In the 154 articles eligible for analysis, 27 PSS subtypes were studied, with primary focus on fibromyalgia (25.0%) and irritable bowel syndrome (23.3%). Of the >250 predictors of PSS onset, 46 were investigated more than once and showed consistent results. Strong evidence identifies biological (e.g., infections, body weight-related metrics), psychological (e.g., sleep problems, psychopathology), interpersonal (life events, childhood/interpersonal stress), contextual (employment), and health behavioral (health care utilization) predictors. Conclusions The results provide strong evidence for factors from all dynamic biopsychosocial domains, although interpersonal and health behavioral factors are relatively under investigated. Thus, evidence suggests that reduction of predictors of PSS onset to a specific factor/domain may be too restrictive. There is no evidence that this differs per PSS subtype. Exploring all domains and measuring common factors across subtypes are essential to improve the clinical course of PSS.

biopsychosocial model
functional somatic symptoms
medically unexplained symptoms
persistent somatic symptoms
risk factors
systematic review

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:18dd5d98-d185-4564-bc23-c3484c4d9f5b

https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001145

0033-3174

Psychosomatic Medicine, 85 (1), 71-78

Institutional Repository

journal article

© 2023 Willeke M. Kitselaar, Rosalie Van Der Vaart, Johanna Perschl, M.E. Numans, A.W.M. Evers