Monitoring induced distributed double-couple sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers

Abstract

Forecasting induced seismicity responses for field data is difficult if no detailed model of the subsurface is available, which generally is the case. As an alternative, reflection data of the subsurface and a non-detailed background model can be used in the Marchenko method to obtain virtual receivers in the subsurface. By employing homogeneous Green's function retrieval, the responses between the virtual receivers are obtained. This approach is applied to synthetic data and a double-couple signature is imposed on the response, to simulate a small-scale induced seismicity response. To simulate a large-scale response, several small-scale responses are superposed. These methods are applied to a field dataset as well to forecast a small-scale and large-scale induced seismicity response.