Energetic performance of a combined double skinfaçade with photovoltaic modules placed atvarious locations

Energetic performance of a combined double skinfaçade with photovoltaic modules placed atvarious locations

Wapperom, Sander (TU Delft Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering; TU Delft Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)

Isabella, O. (mentor)
Infante Ferreira, C.A. (mentor)

Delft University of Technology

Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology

2019-02-21

There is a 95% certainty that human activity is the dominant cause of observed warming since the mid-20thcentury [1]. Burning fossil fuels for energy is the dominant cause of greenhouse gas emissions. 32% of the Dutch energy supply is consumed by the built environment. The façade is the largest area of the building envelope. Consequently, the façade is responsible for roughly 40% of the energy loss of a building. Energy reduction can be realised by placing building integrated PV on the façade or by installing a double skin façade. The current study investigated the energetic performance of the combination of PV modules with a double skin façade.
A control volume model has been integrated with an analytical mass flow model to predict the mass flow, energy flow and temperature profile of a double skin façade. An additional experiment was conducted were a PV module was placed at various locations within the DSF. The results were used to validate the combination of the control volume model with the mass flow model. The relative RMSE of temperature, PV temperature, mass flow and heat flow were found to be 14.6, 7.3, 14.9 and 42.7 percent respectively.
An irradiance model has been programmed to calculate the amount of direct and diffuse incident irradiance on a vertical surface with specified orientation. The irradiance model was validated with the SAM [2]. A relative RMSD of 0.4% was found. Furthermore, a novel PV module efficiency equation has been deduced. this equation takes the effect of the angle of incidence into account. Finally, a heat demand model was created and compared to Dutch metrics. The energy demand, the generated heat flow and the electricity production were calculated for a base case.
The generated electricity amounted to 65.7 and 56.5 percent of the final energy demand, when the PV modules were placed as front layer of the DSF respectively in the middle of the air flow channel. It was found that the total heat flow was 74 respective 103 percent of the total heat demand. However, the actual final energy reduction due to this flow was modest. This was caused by a mismatch in supply and demand and due to the low temperature of the supplied heat. When a ventilation system was coupled to the base case energy reductions of 4.6 and 4.7 percent could be achieved compared to the base case. When, instead, a heat pump was coupled to the exit flow energy reductions of 0.4 respective 0.6 percent were found.
When limited area is available, the passive ventilation system can outperform solar modules in terms of final energy reduction. When the ventilation demand is high the amount of energy reduced by the airflow becomes more important with respect to the total energetic reduction. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to find the effect of channel depth, building height, azimuth and DSF orientation on the energy flows.

double skin facade
naturally ventilated facade
pv
PV Modules
BIPV
BIPVT
DSF
NVF
solar architecture
Building envelope
Building Envelope System
Solar energy
natural convection

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:31cb19b2-d98b-44d4-90b3-7ffc7fc0f34e

2021-03-01

Student theses

master thesis

© 2019 Sander Wapperom