In Situ XPS Analysis of Tribo-chemical Behavior in Titanium Alloy Exposed to Fretting Wear Under the Vacuum Environments

In Situ XPS Analysis of Tribo-chemical Behavior in Titanium Alloy Exposed to Fretting Wear Under the Vacuum Environments

Long, Jianjun (Southwest Jiaotong University)
Wei, Xuejiao (Southwest Jiaotong University)
Dong, Yiting (Southwest Jiaotong University)
Cheng, Xixi (Southwest Jiaotong University)
Li, Hao (Southwest Jiaotong University)
Xu, X. (TU Delft Novel Aerospace Materials; Southwest Jiaotong University)
Zhu, Minhao (Southwest Jiaotong University)

2024

A systematic experimental investigation concerning the fretting-induced tribo-chemical state and its effect on the fretting wear behavior of titanium alloys under the vacuum atmospheres (4 × 10^–3 Pa and 4 × 10^–1 Pa) in different fretting regimes is reported. An in situ XPS analysis tester was developed to capture the real tribo-chemical state of worn surface for all test conditions. Results show that samples subjected to different vacuum atmospheres have varied tribo-chemical states depending on the fretting regime, which play significantly different roles in determining the associated damage mechanisms and the resulting fretting wear resistance. Under both vacuum atmospheres, in the partial slip regime (PSR) the worn scars were mainly covered by TiO₂, showing comparable levels of very slight damage, while in the mixed fretting regime (MFR), the tribo-layer is still mainly consisted of TiO₂, but with an evident peak of Ti metal for the high vacuum degree (4 × 10^–3 Pa) in MFR, showing a mild damage. In contrast, in the gross slip regime (GSR), Ti metal was prone to be oxidized to Ti₂O₃ and TiO on the worn scar, especially for the low vacuum degree (4 × 10^–1 Pa) having a highest content of Ti₂O₃. It might be inferred that the tribo-layer containing more Ti₂O₃ formed during fretting wear process is susceptible to be broken, hence showing a highest fretting wear volume in GSR for the low vacuum degree. The results suggest that for the vacuum environments, the Ti6Al4V may be more suitable to be used under the high vacuum atmosphere.

Fretting wear
In situ XPS
Titanium alloy
Tribo-chemical state
Vacuum atmosphere

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:babfba63-0db1-4d72-96f7-0fad23ca4b7f

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-024-01842-8

2024-10-01

1023-8883

Tribology Letters, 72 (2)

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Institutional Repository

journal article

© 2024 Jianjun Long, Xuejiao Wei, Yiting Dong, Xixi Cheng, Hao Li, X. Xu, Minhao Zhu