The geographical scale of a circular economy: Introducing a framework to determine a relevant geographical scale for the recycling of materials, based on a case study of concrete and copper for the Municipality of Leiden

The implications of a CE and the transition towards it are widely researched. However, there is a lack of research into the relevant geographical scales of CE. Thus, this research aims to present a framework that identifies the optimal geographical scale for the recycling of materials based on various factors. The framework is tested against a...

Recovering critical raw materials from end-of-life multi-junction III-V/silicon solar cells: A criticality assessment of gallium, indium and silicon for large scale production of multi-junction III-V/silicon solar cells and an assessment of the environmental impacts and economic feasibility of recycling end-of-life multi-junction III-V/silicon solar panels

This thesis studies the criticality of gallium, indium and silicon for a 1GWp production of III-V/silicon solar cells and assesses the environmental impacts and economic costs \& benefits of a recycling process for these solar cells. III-V/silicon is an emerging solar cell technology, that is expected to enter the market in between 2025 and...

Sustainability criteria and the bio-based materials sector in the Netherlands

Fossil fuels will run out in the foreseeable future. Out entire economic system is build upon fossil fuels and building up another base for this economic system is challenging. The only alternative for making materials that normally are derived from fossil fuels is the Bio-Based Economy. Materials in this way get made from biomass, such as sugar...