Pre-cracking development of weld-induced squats due to plastic deformation: Five-year field monitoring and numerical analysis

Weld-induced squats are a major damage type in high-speed railways as well as in conventional railways. They incur high maintenance costs and endanger operational safety. This paper first presents and analyzes five-year continual field monitoring observations and measurements of squats at rail welds. A hypothesis of the formation and development...

Investigation of the formation of corrugation-induced rail squats based on extensive field monitoring

Rail squats originate from a number of sources, such as corrugations, indentations and welds. A five-year continual field monitoring study was performed on squats induced by corrugations. This study indicated that a small black depression formed at the corrugation under wheel-rail dynamic forces, and then, a primary crack typically initiated...

Applicability of half-space-based methods to non-conforming elastic normal contact problems

The half-space assumption has been employed in many solution methods for non-conforming contact problems in elasticity such as the Hertz theory and the Kalker's variational theory. It is generally believed that to guarantee acceptable accuracy in these half-space-based methods, the characteristic size (twice length of one semi-axis) of the...

Influences of characteristic size of contact bodies on rolling contact

The rolling contact of elastic bodies (upper body and lower body) can be analyzed with the Hertz theory and the Kalker’s model. It is generally believed that the width of the contact area should be much smaller than the characteristic size of each elastic body, to ensure that the half-space assumption is valid. However the definition of “much...