Detection of Anomalies in Diaphragm Walls

If a calamity with a retaining wall occurs, the impact on surrounding buildings and infrastructure is at least an order of magnitude more severe than without the calamity. In 2005 and 2006 major leaks in the retaining walls of underground stations in Amsterdam and Rotterdam occurred. After these cases had been thoroughly studied it was concluded...

Risk Evolution during the Design of the Adaptation of a Railway Bridge Foundation

During a design process the risk profile of a project continuously evolves. Often a project progresses through a diamond shaped risk envelope. The initial concept is simple, but during the engineering process several risks are defined and mitigated, making the design increasingly complex. With additional investigations and calculations, some of...