Overcoming bottlenecks for realizing a vehicle‐to‐grid infrastructure in Europe through standardization

This paper focuses on committee–market standards battles for the case of vehicle‐to‐grid technology in Europe. In this battle, standards such as CHArge de MOve (CHAdeMO) and Com-bined Charging System (CCS) Combo are competing. The paper identifies relevant factors with the help of a literature review and expert interviews. Furthermore, the...

Exploring design dominance in early stages of the dominance process: The case of airborne wind energy

This paper is about Airborne Wind Energy Systems, a promising new wind power generating system that, although technologically possible to realize, is not available on the market yet. Currently, many different technological options for the systems are being developed. One question for such systems is where to position the generator, on the...

A battle over smart standards: Compatibility, governance, and innovation in home energy management systems and smart meters in the Netherlands

In recent years, awareness and concern about global warming from fossil fuels have notably grown. This process of global warming can, in part, be circumvented by the usage of renewable energy technology in homes. Two protocols exist that can realize wireless communications between sensors and electrical appliances on the one hand and the...

Filtering out standard success criteria in the case of multi-mode standardization: Responsible waste water treatment

Standardization can be achieved in multiple ways; firms may join forces and develop standards in standardization committees, they may compete directly on the market in standards battles, or governmental agencies may impose standards. This paper studies criteria for the selection of standards in a situation in which these three forms of...

Selection of biomass thermochemical conversion technology in the Netherlands: A best worst method approach

This paper studies the technology battle for biomass conversion in the Netherlands. Three types of technologies are currently fighting the battle for standard dominance: combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Twelve relevant factors for standard dominance were found: ‘financial strength’, ‘operational supremacy’, ‘learning orientation’, ...

The battle between battery and fuel cell powered electric vehicles: A BWM approach

The transition to a more sustainable personal transportation sector requires the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. However, a dominant design has not yet emerged and a standards battle is being fought between battery and hydrogen fuel cell powered electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to analyze which factors are most likely to...