Internal oxidation of Fe–Mn–Cr steels, simulations and experiments

A multi-element and multi-phase internal oxidation model that couples thermodynamics with kinetics is developed to predict the internal oxidation behaviour of Fe–Mn–Cr steels as a function of annealing time and oxygen partial pressure. To validate the simulation results, selected Fe–Mn–Cr steels were annealed at 950 °C for 1–16 h in a gas...

Dynamic behavior of heat pipe assisted annealing

A conventional annealing line uses a gas fired or electrical heating to heat and gas jets to cool the steel strip. The energy supplied during heating is lost in the cooling section. This energy has a lot of potential which can be recovered and used for the heating of the cold steel strip. Tata Steel, TU Delft and Drever International are...