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Verdiesen, E.P. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author)Ethical concerns on autonomous weapon systems (AWS) call for a process of human oversight to ensure accountability over targeting decisions and the use of force. To align the behavior of autonomous systems with human values and norms, the Design for Values approach can be used to consciously embody values in the deployment of AWS. One instrument...journal article 2023
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Kreulen, Kurt (author), de Bruin, B. (author), Ghorbani, Amineh (author), Mellema, René (author), Kammler, Christian (author), Vanhee, Loïs (author), Dignum, Frank (author), Dignum, Virginia (author)Since its first appearance in Wuhan (China), countries have been employing, to varying degrees of success, a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within their populations. In this article, we build on scientific work that demonstrates that culture is part of the explanation for the observed...journal article 2022
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Verdiesen, E.P. (author), Aler Tubella, Andrea (author), Dignum, M.V. (author)Accountability is a value often mentioned in the debate on intelligent systems and their increased pervasiveness in our society. When focusing specifically on autonomous systems, a critical gap emerges: although there is much work on governance and attribution of accountability, there is a significant lack of methods for the operationalisation...journal article 2021
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Ahmad, J.I. (author), Dignum, Marco (author), Liu, G. (author), Medema, G.J. (author), van der Hoek, J.P. (author)Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) have been thoroughly studied, but the concept of thermal energy recovery from DWDSs is very new and has been conceptualized in the past few years. Cold recovery results in a temperature increase of the drinking water. Its effects on drinking water quality and biofilm development are unclear. Hence, we...journal article 2021
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Nanni, Mirco (author), Andrienko, Gennady (author), Barabási, Albert László (author), Boldrini, Chiara (author), Bonchi, Francesco (author), Cattuto, Ciro (author), Dignum, Virginia (author), Helbing, Dirk (author), van den Hoven, M.J. (author)The rapid dynamics of COVID-19 calls for quick and effective tracking of virus transmission chains and early detection of outbreaks, especially in the “phase 2” of the pandemic, when lockdown and other restriction measures are progressively withdrawn, in order to avoid or minimize contagion resurgence. For this purpose, contact-tracing apps...journal article 2021
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Mercuur, R.A. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Jonker, C.M. (author)Inducing behavioural change requires a good understanding of how habits break. We identified two theories in the psychological literature on this process: the decrease theory and persist theory. Both theories are used to explain behavioural change, but one states the original habit fades out, while the other theory states the habit persists. We...conference paper 2021
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Cavalcante Siebert, L. (author), Mercuur, R.A. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), van den Hoven, M.J. (author), Jonker, C.M. (author)Autonomous agents (AA) will increasingly be interacting with us in our daily lives. While we want the benefits attached to AAs, it is essential that their behavior is aligned with our values and norms. Hence, an AA will need to estimate the values and norms of the humans it interacts with, which is not a straightforward task when solely...conference paper 2020
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Nanni, Mirco (author), Andrienko, Gennady (author), Barabàsi, Albert Làszlò (author), Boldrini, Chiara (author), Bonchi, Francesco (author), Cattuto, Ciro (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Helbing, D. (author), van den Hoven, M.J. (author)The rapid dynamics of COVID-19 calls for quick and effective tracking of virus transmission chains and early detection of outbreaks, especially in the “phase 2” of the pandemic, when lockdown and other restriction measures are progressively withdrawn, in order to avoid or minimize contagion resurgence. For this purpose, contact-tracing apps...journal article 2020
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Ebrahimi Fard, A. (author), Mercuur, R.A. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Jonker, C.M. (author), van de Walle, B.A. (author)Rumour is a collective emergent phenomenon with a potential for provoking a crisis. Modelling approaches have been deployed since five decades ago; however, the focus was mostly on epidemic behaviour of the rumours which does not take into account the differences between agents. We use social practice theory to model agent decision-making in...conference paper 2020
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Dignum, Frank (author), Dignum, Virginia (author), Davidsson, Paul (author), Ghorbani, Amineh (author), van der Hurk, Mijke (author), Jensen, Maarten (author), Kammler, Christian (author), Lorig, Fabian (author), Ludescher, Luis Gustavo (author), Melchior, Alexander (author), Mellema, René (author), Pastrav, Cezara (author), Vanhee, Loïs (author), Verhagen, Harko (author)During the COVID-19 crisis there have been many difficult decisions governments and other decision makers had to make. E.g. do we go for a total lock down or keep schools open? How many people and which people should be tested? Although there are many good models from e.g. epidemiologists on the spread of the virus under certain conditions,...journal article 2020
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Verdiesen, E.P. (author), Santoni De Sio, F. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author)Accountability and responsibility are key concepts in the academic and societal debate on Autonomous Weapon Systems, but these notions are often used as high-level overarching constructs and are not operationalised to be useful in practice. “Meaningful Human Control” is often mentioned as a requirement for the deployment of Autonomous Weapon...journal article 2020
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Mercuur, R.A. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Jonker, C.M. (author)Evidence-driven agent-based modeling plays a useful part in understanding social phenomena. By integrating social-cognitive theories in our agent models, we bear evidence from social and psychological studies on our models for human decision-making. Social practice theory (SPT) provides a socio-cognitive theory that emphasizes three...review 2020
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Akata, Zeynep (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Hindriks, K.V. (author), Hung, H.S. (author), Jonker, C.M. (author), Neerincx, M.A. (author), Oliehoek, F.A. (author), van Riemsdijk, M.B. (author), Robbins-van Wynsberghe, A.L. (author)We define hybrid intelligence (HI) as the combination of human and machine intelligence, augmenting human intellect and capabilities instead of replacing them and achieving goals that were unreachable by either humans or machines. HI is an important new research focus for artificial intelligence, and we set a research agenda for HI by...journal article 2020
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LeRon Shults, F. (author), Wildman, Wesley J. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author)This paper describes a framework for ethical analysis of the practice of computer Modeling & Simulation (M&S). Each of the authors presents a computational model as a case study and offers an ethical analysis by applying the philosophical, scientific, and practical components of the framework. Each author also provides a constructive...conference paper 2019
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Pigmans, K.A.M. (author), Aldewereld, Huib (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Doorn, N. (author)Stakeholder participation is a requirement for environmental decision-making in the European Union. Despite this, numerous instances can be seen in water governance in which stakeholders feel undervalued and unheard, thereby creating unfavourable procedural outcomes, resistance and conflict. In this article, we propose that a process of early...journal article 2019
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Verdiesen, E.P. (author), Santoni De Sio, F. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author)In the political debate on Autonomous Weapon Systems strong views and opinions are voiced, but empirical research to support these opinions is lacking. Insight into which moral values are related to the deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems is missing. We describe the empirical results of two studies on moral values regarding Autonomous...journal article 2019
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Mercuur, R.A. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Jonker, C.M. (author)Social simulations gain strength when agent behaviour can (1) represent human behaviour and (2) be explained in understandable terms. Agents with values and norms lead to simulation results that meet human needs for explanations, but have not been tested on their ability to reproduce human behaviour. This paper compares empirical data on...journal article 2019
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Pigmans, K.A.M. (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Doorn, N. (author)To better understand the impact of deliberations during participatory policymaking events, we introduce and explore the concept of group proximity. An example of such events is citizens' summits, during which many parallel groups deliberate on solutions for a policy issue. At the summit that was studied, each group followed a value...journal article 2019
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Larsen, John Bruntse (author), Dignum, M.V. (author), Villadsen, Jørgen (author), Dignum, Frank (author)Understanding the social contexts in which actions and interactions take place is of utmost importance for planning one’s goals and activities. People use social practices as means to make sense of their environment, assessing how that context relates to past, common experiences, culture and capabilities. Social practices can therefore...conference paper 2018
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Dignum, M.V. (author), Baldoni, Matteo (author), Baroglio, Cristina (author), Caon, Maurizio (author), Chatila, Raja (author), Dennis, Louise (author), Génova, Gonzalo (author), Kließ, M.S. (author), de Wildt, T.E. (author)Ethics by Design concerns the methods, algorithms and tools needed to endow autonomous agents with the capability to reason about the ethical aspects of their decisions, and the methods, tools and formalisms to guarantee that an agent's behavior remains within given moral bounds. In this context some questions arise: How and to what extent...conference paper 2018