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Mackay, L.J. (author), Hailu, T.G. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Ferreira, Jan Abraham (author), Bauer, P. (author)The traditional ac power system is challenged by the increased amount of distributed energy resources. Enormous changes and investments are necessary in order to achieve an ac smart grid capable of coping with the challenges introduced. In dc, solutions seem to be more straightforward since most of the distributed energy sources and most of the...conference paper 2015
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Marafante, E (author), Mackay, L.J. (author), Hailu, T.G. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)DC microgrids can connect directly dc renewable energy sources with increasing amount of dc loads. In this paper it is looked for possible architectures for integrating PV panels into dc microgrids, by means of microconverter strings. Three topologies are considered, featuring only buck microconverters and only boost microconverters, since they...conference paper 2015
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Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)This paper focuses on the most common PV-storage architectures that are designed for residential applications and that incorporate storage devices like batteries, hydrogen systems, supercapacitors, and flywheels. The main motivations and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the architectures are presented. Moreover, some common...conference paper 2016
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Vasan Ashok, Vijay (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), van der Burgt, Jos (author), Peýate Vera, Santiago (author), Huibers, Martijn (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)EV Charging is expected to be a significant load on the grid in the future. But they can also be a part of the solution to grid violations. As the amount of renewable energy generation increases, there is a large amount of power flowing in the reverse direction in the distribution network, which is undesirable. To reduce this, EVs can charge at...conference paper 2016
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Sulaeman, Ilman (author), Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Narayan, N.S. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The paper provides a comparison of four PV-battery architectures with dc and ac backbones, in terms of autarky, energy efficiency, battery size and reduction of annual electricity cost. The comparison is conducted based on the residential load and irradiation data from the Netherlands. The effect of different PV generation is also analyzed by...conference paper 2016
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Shekhar, A. (author), Kontos, E. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Mor, A. R. (author), Bauer, P. (author)It is anticipated that with the thrust towards use of clean energy resources such as electric vehicles, future distribution grids will face a steep increase in power demand, forcing the utility operators to invest in enhancing the power delivering capacity of the grid infrastructure. It is identified that the critical 5–20 km medium voltage (MV)...journal article 2017
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Vega Garita, V.E. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Solar-battery systems are still expensive, bulky, and space consuming. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel device that combines all the components of a solar-battery system in one device. This device might help reduce installation cost compared to the current solar-battery systems as well as provide a plug-and-play solution. However, this...journal article 2017
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Liu, Zhihao (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)This paper provides an empirical study on series arc behavior in low voltage dc microgrids. The response of an R-L-C dc microgrid abstraction towards series arcs is studied experimentally for varying grid inductance, dc voltages, load capacitances and load currents. In order to account for the stochastic nature of arcs, experiments are...conference paper 2017
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Instability caused by low inertia and constant power loads is a major challenge of DC distribution grids. Previous research uses oversimplified models or does not provide general rules for stability. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to analyze the stability of DC distribution systems is desired. This paper presents a method to algebraically...journal article 2017
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Liu, Zhihao (author), Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Localization of series arc faults in dc microgrids is an important requirement to guarantee operational safety and uninterrupted power to end users. In the previous EPE-ECCE proceeding, a theoretical proof was provided for the selective series arc detection using a novel algorithm. In the current paper, the concept is validated by showcasing...conference paper 2017
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Mackay, L.J. (author), van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)AbstractDue to an increasing number of power generation units and load devices operating with direct current (DC) at distribution level, there is a potential benefit of leading efforts toward building a DC distribution system. However, the implementation of DC distribution systems faces important challenges, including the market inertia of AC...journal article 2017
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Since shipboard power systems are inherently islanded and consist of energy intensive sources and loads, it is an interesting application for dc microgrids. The object of this paper is to explore the merits of dc based shipboard power distribution as compared to conventional ac solutions. A survey of current initiatives, emerging concepts and...conference paper 2017
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Shekhar, A. (author), Feng, Xianyong (author), Gattozzi, Angelo (author), Hebner, Robert E. (author), Wardell, Douglas (author), Strank, Shannon (author), Mor, A. R. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)A scientific consensus is emerging on the benefits of direct current (DC) distribution in medium voltage (MV) power systems of ships and cities. At least 50% space savings and increased power transfer capacity are estimated with enhanced voltage DC operation of electric cables. The goal of this research is to contribute to developing the...journal article 2017
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Mackay, L.J. (author), Guarnotta, Robin (author), Dimou, Anastasios (author), Morales-Espana, G. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The emergence of distributed energy resources can lead to congestion in distribution grids. DC distribution grids are becoming more relevant as more sources and loads connected to the low voltage grid use dc. Bipolar dc distribution grids with asymmetric loading can experience partial congestion resulting in a nodal price difference between...journal article 2018
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Many modelling methods for the analysis of dc distribution grids only consider monopolar configurations and do not allow for mutual couplings to be taken into account. The modelling method presented in this paper aims to deal with both of these issues. A state-space approach was chosen for its flexibility and computational speed. The derived...journal article 2018
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van der Blij, N.H. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Spaan, M.T.J. (author), Bauer, P. (author)Employing bipolar dc distribution systems introduces the possibility of imbalance in the system. To analyze these systems it is crucial to create novel modelling techniques. This paper presents a method to decompose dc distribution systems into symmetrical components. The presented method simplifies the analysis of balanced, unbalanced, and...journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Kontos, E. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)A practical issue faced by today's ac grid is the rapidly growing power demand on its aging infrastructure. One possibility to maximize the capacity of the existing infrastructure is to refurbish the ac links to operate under dc conditions using modular multilevel converters. In this paper, the idea is applied to restructure an actual medium...conference paper 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Feng, X. (author), Hebner, R. (author), Gattozzi, A. (author), Strank, S. (author), Mor, A. R. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The thermal behavior of medium voltage dc cables can find useful applications for efficient and capacity enhanced operation in cities as well as compact power transmission on all electric ships. Concepts such as dynamic current and voltage rating, difference in thermal proximity in ac and dc operation, pulsed load application and thermal...conference paper 2018
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Van Der Meer, Dennis (author), Chandra Mouli, G.R. (author), Morales-Espana, G. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)In [1], the name of one co-author, Germán Morales-Espana, was rendered incorrectly as Germán Morales-Espana Mouli. The correct byline is shown above. We sincerely regret the error.journal article 2018
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Shekhar, A. (author), Ramirez Elizondo, L.M. (author), Bauer, P. (author)The role of MVDC links for distribution network expansion is important. The distribution network operators (DNOs) can maximize the power transfer capacity of existing grid infrastructure during (n-1] contingencies using reconfigurable parallel ac-dc architecture. In addition this concept involves a range of efficiency, reliability and...conference paper 2018