Validation and Optimization of a Design Formula for Stable Geometrically Open Filter Structures

Granular filters are used for protection against scour and erosion of base material. For a proper functioning it is necessary that at the interfaces between the filter structure, the subsoil and the water flowing above the filter structure no material will be transported. Different types of granular filters can be distinguished, this paper...

Optimising the Input Filter of Traction Installations in DC Railway Power Systems

In the world of DC railway trains nowadays, asynchronous-traction machine with traction controllers, i.e. an inverter with variable output frequency, is implemented. This controller changes the incoming DC voltage into an AC voltage of a variable frequency and RMS amplitude. The disadvantages of switching inverters, compared to a pure sine wave...