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Zhang, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)The effect of slag of different origins (synthetic slag produced in the laboratory and commercial slag collected from different steel factories) with comparable chemical composition, amorphous content and particle size distribution, on the hydration characteristics of slag cement was investigated. In order to study the effect of sulfur in...journal article 2022
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Liang, M. (author), Li, Z. (author), He, S. (author), Chang, Z. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)Stress evolution of restrained concrete is a significant direct index in early-age cracking (EAC) analysis of concrete. This study presents experiments and numerical modelling of the early-age stress evolution of Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete, considering the development of autogenous deformation and creep. Temperature...journal article 2022
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Liang, M. (author), Chang, Z. (author), Wan, Z. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)This study aims to provide an efficient and accurate machine learning (ML) approach for predicting the creep behavior of concrete. Three ensemble machine learning (EML) models are selected in this study: Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM). Firstly, the creep data in...journal article 2022
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Xu, Y. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Chang, Z. (author), Wan, Z. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)Tailoring lattice structures is a commonly used method to develop lattice materials with desired mechanical properties. However, for cementitious lattice materials, besides the macroscopic lattice structure, the multi-phase microstructure of cement paste may have substantial impact on the mechanical responses. Therefore, this work proposes a...journal article 2022
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Gao, Peng (author), Ye, G. (author), Huang, Haoliang (author), Qian, Zhiwei (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Wei, Jiangxiong (author), Yu, Qijun (author)A structure-based modelling framework was established to simulate the three-dimensional autogenous shrinkage of cement paste. A cement hydration model, HYMOSTRUC3D-E, was used to obtain the microstructures and ionic concentrations of the cement paste. A lattice fracture model based on the effective stress and effective modulus was used to...journal article 2022
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Liang, M. (author), Chang, Z. (author), He, S. (author), Chen, Y. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)Early-age stress (EAS) is an important index for evaluating the early-age cracking risk of concrete. This paper encompasses a thermo-chemo-mechanical (TCM) model and active ensemble learning (AEL) for predicting the EAS evolution. The TCM model provides the data for the AEL model. First, based on Fourier's law, Arrhenius’ equation, and rate...journal article 2022
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Chang, Z. (author), Zhang, Hongzhi (author), Liang, M. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)This paper explores buildability quantification of randomly meshed 3D printed concrete objects by considering structural failure by elastic buckling. The newly proposed model considers the most relevant printing parameters, including time-dependent material behaviors, printing velocity, localized damage and influence of sequential printing...journal article 2022
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Sherzer, G. Lifshitz (author), Ye, G. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Kovler, K. (author)It has been observed that a trench wall embedded in the soil of the Dead Sea has lost strength and is deteriorating due to brine attack. This phenomenon demonstrates that concrete wall structural stability and durability can be seriously endangered. Yet conventional analysis using macroscopic models is considered an oversimplification, as it...journal article 2022
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Gan, Y. (author), Zhang, Hongzhi (author), Liang, M. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), van Breugel, K. (author), Šavija, B. (author)In this study, the flexural strength and fatigue properties of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were experimentally investigated at the micrometre length scale. The hardened cement paste cantilevers (150 × 150 × 750 μm<sup>3</sup>) attached to a quartzite aggregate surface were prepared and tested under the monotonic and cyclic load using a...journal article 2022
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Chang, Z. (author), Liang, M. (author), Xu, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)This research studies the impact of localized damage and deformed printing geometry on the structural failure of plastic collapse for 3D concrete printing (3DCP) using the lattice model. Two different approaches are utilized for buildability quantification: the (previously developed) load-unload method, which updates and relaxes the printing...journal article 2022
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He, S. (author), Zhang, Shizhe (author), Lukovic, M. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)Strain hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) is a special class of ultra-ductile material which has autogenous self-healing capability due to its intrinsic tight crack widths. To further improve its healing ability, healing agent (HA) can be incorporated in SHCC, enabling it also the autonomous self-healing mechanism. In this study, the...journal article 2022
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Schlangen, E. (author)This commentary is part of our celebration of 75 years of RILEM, highlighting Materials and Structures most highly influential and cited publications.journal article 2022
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França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)Industries such as metal, ceramics and petrochemicals suffer from high temperature spills. Such events exert a unique form of loading in concrete structures that cannot be accurately simulated by heating of samples in an oven. Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) based concrete is the industry standard for such environment, and while much is known...journal article 2022
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Chen, Y. (author), He, S. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Veer, F.A. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)This paper aims to provide a systematical review of the available printing strategies, sustainable cementitious materials and characterization methods for extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP). The printing strategies, consisting of printing setup, process, and material requirements, were summarized initially. In the material aspect,...journal article 2022
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Sun, Renjuan (author), Han, Lebing (author), Zhang, Hongzhi (author), Ge, Zhi (author), Guan, Yanhua (author), Ling, Yifeng (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)This paper presents a study on cracking characterization of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) under flexural cyclic load using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Five stress levels, namely 0.65, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85 and 0.9 of the flexural strength, were applied. Strain map at the side surface was obtained by DIC and used to drive...journal article 2022
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Kamat, Ameya (author), Lubelli, B. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)Porous building materials are often subjected to damage due to salt crystallization. In recent years, the addition of crystallization inhibitors in lime-based mortar, has shown promising results in improving durability of this material against salt decay. Lime-based mortars have low mechanical properties and slow setting. They are often replaced...journal article 2022
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Chen, Y. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)For many 3D printed cementitious materials, air voids may play a dominant role in the interlayer bond strength. However, to date, far too little attention has been paid to reveal the air void characteristics in 3D printed cementitious materials. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study attempts to provide an example of systematically...journal article 2021
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Nedeljković, Marija (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Fennis, Sonja (author)Momenteel wordt gerecycled beton meestal toegepast als wegfundering en daarmee 'gedowncycled'. Dat komt onder meer doordat er geen informatie beschikbaar is over de kwaliteit van het gesloopte beton. Hoogwaardig hergebruik van gerecyclede toeslagmaterialen in nieuwe betonconstructies vereist een strengere kwaliteitscontrole. Aan de TU Delft...journal article 2021
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Gan, Y. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Zhang, Hongzhi (author), Schlangen, E. (author), van Breugel, K. (author), Šavija, B. (author)This paper presents a method to numerically investigate the microstructural effect on the creep behavior of cement paste at the microscale. The lattice fracture model is extended to consider local time-dependent deformations of calcium-silicate-hydrate phases in the cement paste by imposing local forces. The term “experimentally informed...journal article 2021
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Xu, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Tabakovic, A. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)Microwave heating has been shown to be an effective method of heating asphalt concrete and in turn healing the damage. As such, microwave heating holds great potential in rapid (1–3 min) and effective damage healing, resulting in improvement in the service life, safety, and sustainability of asphalt pavement. This study focused on the microwave...journal article 2021