Accurate vertical profiles of turbulent flow in z-layer models

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic z-layer models, which are used for simulating the flow in rivers, estuaries, and oceans, suffer from an inaccurate and often discontinuous bottom shear stress representation, due to the staircase bottom. We analyze the governing equations and clearly show the cause of the inaccuracies. Based on the analysis, we...

An accurate momentum advection scheme for a z-level coordinate models

In this paper, we focus on a conservative momentum advection discretisation in the presence of zlayers. While in the 2Dcase conservation ofmomentum is achieved automatically for an Eulerian advection scheme, special attention is required in the multi-layer case. We show here that an artificial vertical structure of the flow can be introduced...