Fouling control in ceramic nanofiltration membranes during municipal sewage treatment

Using ceramic nanofiltration membranes for treatment of municipal sewage is upcoming. However, the knowledge on fouling control methods for this application are very limited. The most commonly used fouling control method, chemical cleaning, has disadvantages. Chemical cleaning negatively impacts (i) the glass seal layer of tubular ceramic...

Influence of pH, multivalent counter ions, and membrane fouling on phosphate retention during ceramic nanofiltration

Ceramic nanofiltration is an emerging technology for the recovery of water and nutrients (including phosphate) from municipal sewage which becomes more imperative worldwide. In order to use ceramic nanofiltration for phosphate recovery from municipal sewage, more knowledge is needed. This is the first paper reporting the phosphate retention of...