Fabrication of low thermal expansion Fe–Ni alloys by in-situ alloying using twin-wire arc additive manufacturing

The binary Fe–Ni system offers alloys with notably low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), contingent upon their Ni content. In this respect twin-wire arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM) presents the opportunity of in-situ alloying through the simultaneous feeding of two metal wires into a weld pool to obtain desired alloy...

Directed energy deposition of Invar 36 alloy using cold wire pulsed gas tungsten arc welding: Effect of heat input on the microstructure and functional behaviour

Invar alloys exhibit low thermal expansion and are useful in applications requiring dimensional stability when subject to temperature changes. Conventional production of Invar faces certain challenges that can be offset by exploiting additive manufacturing processes. This study employed pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) to deposit Invar...

Revealing the effects of laser beam shaping on melt pool behaviour in conduction-mode laser melting

Laser beam shaping offers remarkable possibilities to control and optimise process stability and tailor material properties and structure in laser-based welding and additive manufacturing. However, little is known about the influence of laser beam shaping on the complex melt-pool behaviour, solidified melt-track bead profile and...

Solidification cracking during laser beam welding: A study on advanced high strength steels

Third-generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are a new class of steels that offer superior functional properties and significant weight savings in the body-in-white (BIW) structure of a car. Weight savings directly translate to reduced CO₂ emissions from cars which aids automotive manufactures to meet the vehicle emission...

Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting. Part 2: Reliability of water accounting results for policy decisions in the Awash basin

Water Accounting Plus (WAC) is a framework that summarizes complex hydrological processes and water management issues in river basins. The framework is designed to use satellite-based measurements of land and water variables and processes as input data. A general concern associated with the use of satellite measurements is their accuracy. This...

Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting. Part 2: Reliability of water accounting results for policy decisions in the Awash basin

Water Accounting Plus (WAC) is a framework that summarizes complex hydrological processes and water management issues in river basins. The framework is designed to use satellite-based measurements of land and water variables and processes as input data. A general concern associated with the use of satellite measurements is their accuracy. This...