Attention as Practice: Buddhist Ethics Responses to Persuasive Technologies

The “attention economy” refers to the tech industry’s business model that treats human attention as a commodifiable resource. The libertarian critique of this model, dominant within tech and philosophical communities, claims that the persuasive technologies of the attention economy infringe on the individual user’s autonomy and therefore the...

Developing health indicators and RUL prognostics for systems with few failure instances and varying operating conditions using a LSTM autoencoder

Most Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prognostics are obtained using supervised learning models trained with many labelled data samples (i.e., the true RUL is known). In aviation, however, aircraft systems are often preventively replaced before failure. There are thus very few labelled data samples available. We therefore propose a Long Short-Term...

Gesture in the eye of the beholder: An eye-tracking study on factors determining the attention for gestures produced by people with aphasia

Co-speech hand gestures are an ubiquitous form of nonverbal communication, which can express additional information that is not present in speech. Hand gestures may become more relevant when verbal production is impaired, as in speakers with post-stroke aphasia. In fact, speakers with aphasia produce more gestures than non-brain damaged speakers...

Incorporating the Theory of Attention in Applied Game Design

Whereas entertainment games are capable of creating deeply rewarding and emotional experiences, applied game projects often result in products that, while potentially effective, are lacking in many other aspects of the user experience. This may be due to the fact that the focus of most design approaches for applied games lies primarily on the...

Algorithms for Efficient Inference in Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years, the accuracy of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has improved significantly because of three main factors: the availability of massive amounts training data, the introduction of powerful low-cost computational resources, and the development of complex deep learning models. The cloud can provide powerful computational resources to...

How Do People Perform an Inspection Time Task?: An Examination of Visual Illusions, Task Experience, and Blinking

In the inspection time (IT) paradigm, participants view two lines of unequal length (called the Pi-figure) for a short exposure time, and then judge which of the two lines was longer. Early research has interpreted IT as a simple index of mental speed, which does not involve motor activity. However, more recent studies have associated IT with...

Automated driving reduces perceived workload, but monitoring causes higher cognitive load than manual driving

Driver mental workload is an important factor in the operational safety of automated driving. In this study, workload was evaluated subjectively (NASA R-TLX) and objectively (auditory detection-response task) on Dutch public highways (∼150 km) comparing manual and supervised automated driving in a Tesla Model S with moderators automation...

How to keep drivers engaged while supervising driving automation? A literature survey and categorisation of six solution areas

This work aimed to organise recommendations for keeping people engaged during human supervision of driving automation, encouraging a safe and acceptable introduction of automated driving systems. First, heuristic knowledge of human factors, ergonomics, and psychological theory was used to propose solution areas to human supervisory control...

Visual sampling processes revisited: replicating and extending senders (1983) using modern eye-tracking equipment

In pioneering work, Senders (1983) tasked five participants to watch a bank of six dials, and found that glance rates and times glanced at dials increase linearly as a function of the frequency bandwidth of the dial's pointer. Senders did not record the angle of the pointers synchronously with eye movements, and so could not assess...

Editorial : A matter of bottom-up or top-down processes: The role of attention in multisensory integration

Task Prioritization in Dual-Tasking: Instructions versus Preferences

The role of task prioritization in performance tradeoffs during multi-tasking has received widespread attention. However, little is known on whether people have preferences regarding tasks, and if so, whether these preferences conflict with priority instructions. Three experiments were conducted with a high-speed driving game and an auditory...

Effects of adaptive cruise control and highly automated driving on workload and situation awareness: A review of the empirical evidence

Adaptive cruise control (ACC), a driver assistance system that controls longitudinal motion, has been introduced in consumer cars in 1995. A next milestone is highly automated driving (HAD), a system that automates both longitudinal and lateral motion. We investigated the effects of ACC and HAD on drivers’ workload and situation awareness...