Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling

The level of detail in 3D city modelling, despite its usefulness and importance, is still an ambiguous and undefined term. It is used for the communication of how thoroughly real-world features have been acquired and modelled, as we demonstrate in this paper. Its definitions vary greatly between practitioners, standards and institutions. We...

Dynamic chemical process modelling and validation: Theory and application to industrial and literature case study

Dynamic chemical process modelling is still largely considered an art. In this thesis the theory of large-scale chemical process modelling and validation is discussed and initial steps to extend the theory are explored. In particular we pay attention to the effect of the level of detail on the model simulation and optimisation performance. We...

Revisiting the concept level of detail in 3D city modelling

This review paper discusses the concept of level of detail in 3D city modelling, and is a first step towards a foundation for a standardised definition. As an introduction, a few level of detail specifications, outlooks and approaches are given from the industry. The paper analyses the general uncertainties and shortcomings around the concept of...