Hydraulic fracturing under waterflooding conditions in unconsolidated sands: Exploring fracture creation capabilities using low viscosity injection fluids

Rapid injectivity decline is frequently observed during injection in unconsolidated sand reservoirs. Field data suggests that hydraulic fracture processes are directly or indirectly related to this injectivity decline. Conventional fracture theories do not apply to unconsolidated sand since this material has little to no cohesion and tensile...