Impact of spatial variability of subsoil stiffness on immersed tunnels

Due to increased traffic density, there is a tendency to construct larger immersed tunnels with larger tunnel elements both in transversal and longitudinal direction resulting in a more critical design of the joints. Especially for those tunnels with relatively soft foundation and high siltation, there is no mature experience for reference. This...

Investigation on Stress Increase of Sand Inside Immersed Tunnel Joint Gap

Watertightness and leakage prevention is crucial in every tunnel joint design. Immersed tunnels have been utilizing the Gina-Omega gasket solution since the 1960s to prevent leakage from occurring. However, after almost 50 years of service life, leakages were detected in the immersion joints, which leads to an investigation into the source of...