The refittable ship: A method for modular design of a ship's power supply

Traditionally, ships are powered by fossil fuels in combustion engines, causing 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Alternative installations have yet to prove their reliability and are currently not as cheap or technological ready. <br/>To enable ship-owners to prepare their ship for the future, but postpone their decision on which...

Optimization of a submarine propulsion system by implementing a PEM fuel cell and a PMSM in a first principle model

A naval submarine has to cope with different operational modes: sailing at<br/>the surface, just below the surface or fully submerged and at different speeds.<br/>Therefore it needs an appropriate power plant. In this research a first principle<br/>submarine propulsion model has been extended with a Proton Exchange Membrane<br/>Fuel Cell (PEMFC)...