The potential of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine industry

The current path the marine industry is following, the goals of the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions, will not be met. The marine industry is mainly sailing on HFO and emits 2.2% of the global greenhouse gasses (GHG) by doing so, as well as 18-30% of NOx, 5-8% SOx and 11% particulate matter (PM). The IMO has even predicted that the emissions...

Introduction of PEM Fuel Cells on Inland Ships

The CCNR will ensure that in 2050 inland ships do not emit any emissions. A PEM fuel cell system running on pure hydrogen could be a solution. However, the new system imposes some difficulties on the design of the inland ship. A calculation model is created to evaluate inland ships with this system and research these difficulties. The...

Finding the optimal set of parking locations for maintenance trains in the Dutch railway network: An optimisation approach using a combination of discrete-event simulation and simulated annealing

The Dutch railway system is subject to maintenance, which is carried out by a group of rail contractors who need parking space to park and prepare trains in between projects. The objective of this study is to minimise the total costs as a result of the distance travelled by maintenance trains and the preservation of the included parking...

Methanol Hybrid Offshore Working Vessels: A technical, environmental and economic assessment

To support Van Oord’s path towards a low-emission future fleet, this thesis has focused on the technical, environmental and economic impact of a methanol hybrid power plant design for new-build offshore working vessels (OWVs). These Dynamic-Positioning (DP) vessels are known for their large and dynamic power plants and have to limit their NOx...

A single-objective, multi-period optimization model of an alternative maritime fuel supply chain network in the Port of Amsterdam

To reduce the CO2 emissions of the maritime industry, several alternative fuels are being researched to possibly achieve this goal. The absence of an infrastructure for alternative fuels in the current port environment is one of the barriers towards implementation of these high potential fuels. The goal of this thesis project was to create an...

Modelling and experimental validation of a gas-to-gas membrane humidifier

Gas-to-gas membrane humidifiers are the preferred option for humidification in automotive fuel cell systems, because they are compact, induce low parasitic losses and require no moving parts or control mechanisms. Understanding the performance of the humidifier as a function of its operating conditions is crucial for the efficiency of the fuel...

Coproduction with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: Exploring the feasibility of coproducing hydrogen and electricity from internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cells

The concept of coproduction has been explored in combined heat and power applications. It is a method of improving the efficiency of the energy generating system by utilising waste heat. In the coming years hydrogen is expected to play an important role in decarbonization as it does not emit greenhouse gas at the point of application. Hydrogen...

Fuel cell Systems Applied in Expedition Cruise ships: A Comparative Impact Analysis

Global endeavors to reduce emissions in the shipping industry are accelerating the interest in fuel cell systems. This paper explores the application of different fuel cell types (LT-PEMFC, HT-PEMFC and SOFC) in combination with different fuels (LH2, LNG,MeOH and NH3) in expedition cruise ships. An impact model is developed for the first design...

Long-Term Feedback Enabled Energy Management Control Framework for Ships with Hybrid Power Supply

In the present study, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) - based, Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is proposed, aiming at the minimisation of the fuel consumption of vessels with hybrid propulsion and power supply. This approach is capable of utilising online information regarding realistic future predictions of the propulsive power demand,...

Modelling of Tandem SOFC and PEMFC Fuel Cell Systems for Maritime Application

The world is moving towards a cleaner future. With the increasingly stringent emission regulation in maritime field and the limitation of marine diesel engine systems, the shipbuilders may start to seek cleaner solutions rather than modifying the currently prevailing internal combustion engine systems (ICE). According to previous researches, a...