Adaptive neural sliding mode control for heterogeneous ship formation keeping considering uncertain dynamics and disturbances

This paper investigates the formation keeping problem of heterogeneous ships with underactuated inputs, uncertain dynamics, and environmental disturbances. The control objective is to make the heterogeneous followers keep the desired formation while tracking a leader. To solve the problem effectively, a novel virtual leader–follower formation...

A Directed Spanning Tree Adaptive Control Solution to Time-Varying Formations

In this article, the time-varying formation and time-varying formation tracking problems are solved for linear multiagent systems over digraphs without the knowledge of the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix associated with the digraph. The solution to these problems relies on an approach that generalizes the directed spanning tree (DST)...