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Assessment of the LoD Specification for the Integration of BIM-Derived Building Models in 3D City Models

van der Vaart, J.A.J. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Diakite, A.A. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Hakim, Amir (author)

Although level of detail (LoD) is a central concept in 3D city modelling, specifying different LoDs in an unambiguous manner is not straightforward. To resolve this, a set of frameworks have been developed. This paper evaluates the suitability of the LoD framework of (Biljecki et al. 2016) for 3D building models that have been generated directly...

conference paper 2024

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IFC models for semi-automating common planning checks for building permits

Noardo, F. (author), Wu, T. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

To support building permit issuing with automatic digital tools, the reuse of models produced by designers would make the process quicker and more objective. However, current studies and pilots often leave a gap with respect to the models as actually provided by architects, having varying quality and content. In this study, rather than taking...

journal article 2022

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Multi-disciplinary Use of Three-Dimensional Geospatial Information

Krijnen, T.F. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

In this chapter, we start from the typical concepts from Geographic Information System (GIS): data representation, acquisition, querying and analysis. We follow with the transition from 2 to 3D GIS and describe open standards such as CityGML and CityJSON and recent advances on 3D geospatial simulations, computing and real-time GIS and...

book chapter 2022

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An Inspection of IFC Models from Practice

Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a complete, wide and complex open standard data model to represent Building Information Models. Big efforts are being made by the standardization organization buildingSMART, to develop and maintain this standard in collaboration with researchers, companies and institutions. However, when trying to use IFC...

journal article 2021

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Validation and Inference of Geometrical Relationships in IFC

Krijnen, T.F. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The Industry Foundation Classes are a prevalent open standard to exchange Building Information Models. In such a model, geometric representations are provided for individual building elements along with semantic information, including a significant amount of properties related togeometry and explicit topological relationships. These...

conference paper 2020

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THE ISPRS-EUROSDR GEOBIM BENCHMARK 2019

Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Ellul, C. (author), Harrie, L. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Kokla, M. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Standardised data formats and data models are essential for data integration and interoperability, which in turn adds value to data by allowing its reuse in multiple contexts. For this reason, in recent years extensive efforts have been focused on standards development. When representing the built environment, 3D city models and Building...

journal article 2020

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Integrating expertises and ambitions for data-driven digital building permits: The EUNET4DBP

Noardo, F. (author), Malacarne, G. (author), Mastrolembo Ventura, S. (author), Tagliabue, L. C. (author), Ciribini, A. L.C. (author), Ellul, C. (author), Guler, D. (author), Harrie, L. (author), Senger, L. (author), Waha, A. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The digitalization of the process for building permit (involving the use of 3D information systems) is seen as a priority in a wide part of the world. Since it is a very multidisciplinary use case, involving a variety of stakeholders tackling complex issues and topics, some of them joined their efforts and skills in the European Network for...

journal article 2020

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The Eurosdr Geobim Project: developing case studies for the use of geobim in practice

Ellul, C. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Harrie, L. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Although the use of location-based data (location coupled with semantic information) within Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and from Earth Observation (e.g. satellite) sources has been long established for decision makers, this has only recently been reflected in the construction sector with a more recent move from Computer Aided...

journal article 2020

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Geobim for digital building permit process: Learning from a case study in Rotterdam

Noardo, F. (author), Wu, T. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Tezerdi, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Among the digitalization processes which are being raised in Europe and in the world, the building permit process is seen as one of the priorities by municipalities, governmental institutions and standardization organizations. However, in current practice, the building permit issuing as well as the integration of geoinformation with BIM ...

journal article 2020

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The LandInfra standard and its role in solving the BIM-GIS quagmire

Kumar, Kavisha (author), Labetski, A. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

LandInfra is a relatively new open standard for modelling and representing land and infrastructure features. As it overlaps with other open standards in BIM (IFC) and 3D GIS (CityGML), it has been recognised as a potential candidate to bridge the gap between the two domains. However, the knowledge of this standard in both communities is low, and...

journal article 2019

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EuroSDR GeoBIM Project a Study in Europe on how to use the Potentials of BIM and Geo Data in Practice

Noardo, F. (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Devys, Emmanuel (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Olsson, Perola (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

In both the Geo and BIM domains, it is widely acknowledged that the integration of geo-data and BIM-data is beneficial and a crucial step in facing the multi-disciplinary challenges of our built environment. The result of this integration – broadly termed as GeoBIM – has a range of potential uses from district study to road safety. However, from...

journal article 2019

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GeoBIM Benchmark 2019: Intermediate Results

Noardo, F. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Agugiaro, G. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

An investigation into the implementation state of open standards in software is currently ongoing through the ISPRS/EuroSDR ‘GeoBIM benchmark 2019’ initiative, which kicked off earlier this year. The benchmark activity provides a way of assessing and comparing the functionality of different software packages in GIS and BIM in terms of their...

journal article 2019

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Opportunities and challenges for GeoBIM in Europe: developing a building permits use-case to raise awareness and examine technical interoperability challenges

Noardo, F. (author), Ellul, C. (author), Harrie, L. (author), Overland, I. (author), Shariat, M. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

The integration of geoinformation with BIM (GeoBIM) is critical to underpin solutions to many city-related challenges. However, to achieve an effective integration it is necessary to consider not only data and technical options but also current practice and users’ needs. This paper describes work carried out within the EuroSDR-GeoBIM project...

journal article 2019

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GeoBIM benchmark 2019: Design and initial results

Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

GeoBIM, the integration of 3D geoinformation (Geo) with building information models (BIM), is a subject of increasing attention in both domains. A well-known practical challenge for this integration is the mixed state of software support for open standards in each domain that would ease the integration. This is often known by practitioners but...

journal article 2019

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Processing BIM and GIS Models in Practice: Experiences and Recommendations from a GeoBIM Project in The Netherlands

Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Diakite, A.A. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

It is widely acknowledged that the integration of BIM and GIS data is a crucial step forward for future 3D city modelling, but most of the research conducted so far has covered only the high-level and semantic aspects of GIS-BIM integration. This paper presents the results of the GeoBIM project, which tackled three integration problems focussing...

journal article 2018

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Investigating the state of play of geoBIM across Europe

Ellul, Claire (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Shariat, Masoome (author), Behan, Avril (author), Pla, Maria (author)

In both the Geographic Information (Geo) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) domains, it is widely acknowledged that the integration of data from both domains is beneficial and a crucial step in facing the multi-disciplinary challenges of our built environment. The result of this integration – which can broadly be termed GeoBIM –could...

conference paper 2018

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Geo-BIM data integration: easier said than done?

Stoter, J.E. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author)

The boundary between geo and BIM is getting fuzzy, but working with IFC models from practice shows that converting BIM data in a format useful in GIS and vice versa is still far from straightforward.

journal article 2018

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Towards an integration of GIS and BIM data: What are the geometric and topological issues?

Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Diakite, A.A. (author), Krijnen, Thomas (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)

Geographic information and building information modelling both model buildings and infrastructure, but the way in which they are modelled is usually complimentary and BIM-GIS integration is widely considered as a way forward for both domains. For one, more detailed BIM data can feed more general GIS data and GIS data can provide the context...

conference paper 2017

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Registration of Multi-Level Property Rights in 3D in The Netherlands: Two Cases and Next Steps in Further Implementation

Stoter, J.E. (author), Ploeger, H.D. (author), Roes, Ruben (author), van der Riet, Els (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Kok, Dirco (author), Kim, S. (author)

This article reports on the first 3D cadastral registration in The Netherlands, accomplished in March 2016. The solution was sought within the current cadastral, organisational, and technical frameworks to obtain a deeper knowledge on the optimal way of implementing 3D registration, while avoiding discussions between experts from different...

journal article 2017

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First 3D Cadastral Registration of Multi-level Ownerships Rights in the Netherlands

Stoter, Jantien (author), Ploeger, Hendrik (author), Roes, Ruben (author), van der Riet, Els (author), Biljecki, Filip (author), Ledoux, Hugo (author)

This paper reports on the first 3D cadastral registration of multi-level ownerships rights in the Netherlands, which was accomplished in March 2016. It is the result of a study that was undertaken from 2013 to 2015 to determine how insight about multi-level ownership can be provided in 3D by the cadastral registration. The solution was sought...

conference paper 2016