Microstructure for thermal impedance spectroscopy for biofuel composition measurement

Biofuel sensors for measuring the ethanol and gasoline concentrations in bio-ethanol blends, have been studied world-wide and currently used in engine management in Flex-Fuel cars fabricated by amongst others, Ford Motor Company. However, water that results from ethanol sugar cane is inevitable present in the ethanol blend and requires a sensor...

Combining impedance spectroscopy with optical absorption spectroscopy in the UV for biofuel composition measurement

A capacitive probe is generally used in a flex-fuel engine for measuring the ethanol content in biofuel. However, the water content in biofuel of high ethanol content cannot be disregarded or considered constant and the full composition measurement of ethanol, gasoline and water in biofuel is required. Electrical impedance spectroscopy with a...