Chloride Ingress of Carbonated Blast Furnace Slag Cement Mortars

In the Netherlands civil engineering structures, such as overpasses, bridges and tunnels are generally built using blast furnace slag cement (BFSC, CEM III/B) concrete, because of its high resistance against chloride penetration. Although the Dutch experience regarding durability performance of BFSC concrete has been remarkably good, its...

Effect of Sodium Monofluorophosphate Treatment on Blast Furnace Slag Cement Paste Microstructure

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a latently hydraulic material used as additive or substitute for Portland cement. The market share for BFS cement in the Netherlands is currently more than 60%. Previous research proved the high resistance of slag-rich concrete in aggressive environments such as exposure to acid, chloride ingress or sulphate attack,...

Chloride ingress of carbonated blast furnace slag cement mortars

In the Netherlands infrastructural works, such as bridges and overpasses, are generally constructed using blast furnace slag cement (BFSC) concretes, because of the relative high resistance against chloride penetration from de-icing salts. However, sheltered elements constructed in BFSC concrete are prone to carbonation, for example abutments...

Chloride transport testing of blast furnace slag cement for durable concrete structures in Norway: From 2 days to one year age

Blast furnace slag cement (BFSC) has been used in reinforced concrete structures in marine and road environment in The Netherlands for nearly a century. Experience is good and long service lives can be obtained. In Norway experience with BFSC is scarce. In The Netherlands, a high resistance against chloride penetration and a high electrical...

The interaction of pH, pore solution composition and solid phase composition of carbonated blast furnace slag cement paste activated with aqueous sodium monofluorophosphate

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a waste product of industrial steel production and a common additive in the cement industry in Northern European countries. However, cementitious materials made from slag-rich cement, particularly CEM III /B, are very susceptible to carbonation. Recent investigations have shown that the surface application of aqueous...

Innovation based on tradition: Blast furnace slag cement for durable concrete structures in Norway?

Blast furnace slag cement (BFSC) has been used to build reinforced concrete structures in marine and road environment in The Netherlands for nearly a century. The experience is good and structures with long service lives can be obtained, as has been shown by several field studies. This is caused by a high resistance against chloride penetration...

Long term behaviour of the resistivity of concrete

Against the background of immense costs of repair or replacement of concrete structures degraded by reinforcement corrosion, a strong interest in industry and research can nowadays be found in the underlying processes and in possibilities to influence them. As a part of the reinforcement corrosion circuit, the resistivity of concrete is a...

Application of encapsulated lightweight aggregate impregnated with sodium monofluorophosphate as a self-healing agent in blast furnace slag mortar

This paper studies the potential of using expanded clay lightweight aggregate impregnated with sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3) solution which is eventually encapsulated by a cement paste layer to produce a self-healing system in blast furnace slag cement mortars. It was found that the technique significantly improved the quality of the...