Neural-Network Decoders for Quantum Error Correction Using Surface Codes: A Space Exploration of the Hardware Cost-Performance Tradeoffs

Quantum error correction (QEC) is required in quantum computers to mitigate the effect of errors on physical qubits. When adopting a QEC scheme based on surface codes, error decoding is the most computationally expensive task in the classical electronic back-end. Decoders employing neural networks (NN) are well-suited for this task but their...

Designing the Electronic Interface for Qubit Control

Quantum computers have gained widespread interest as they can potentially solve problems that are intractable even for today’s supercomputers, such as the simulation of quantum systems as initially proposed by Feynman. To achieve such tremendous progress, a quantum computer relies on processing the information stored in quantum bits (qubits),...

Characterization and Modeling of Self-Heating in Nanometer Bulk-CMOS at Cryogenic Temperatures

This work presents a self-heating study of a 40-nm bulk-CMOS technology in the ambient temperature range from 300 K down to 4.2 K. A custom test chip was designed and fabricated for measuring both the temperature rise in the MOSFET channel and in the surrounding silicon substrate, using the gate resistance and silicon diodes as sensors,...

A Cryo-CMOS Digital Cell Library for Quantum Computing Applications

We present a digital cell library optimized for 4.2 K to create controllers that keep quantum processors coherent and entangled. The library, implemented on a standard 40-nm CMOS technology, was employed in the creation of the first 4.2 K RISC-V processor. It has achieved a minimum supply voltage of 590 mV, energy-delay product of 37 fJ/MHz,...

Cryogenic electronics for the read-out of quantum processors

Quantum computing promises an exponential speed-up of computation compared to what is nowadays achievable with classical computers. In this way, it enables the evaluation of more complex models and the breaching of current security algorithms. For the operation of a quantum system, many questions remain to be answered. Currently, there are...

Cryogenic CMOS LNA for RF readout of spin qubits

Quantum computation is bringing excitement and motivation into the scientific community to build a practical quantum computer. This would enable the solution of problems today intractable, thanks to the exponential decrease in the required number of operations with respect to a classical computer. Nevertheless, this extraordinary computer needs...