Electromyographic biofeedback-driven gaming to alter calf muscle activation during gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Background: Children with cerebral palsy often show deviating calf muscle activation patterns during gait, with excess activation during early stance and insufficient activation during push-off. Research question: Can children with cerebral palsy improve their calf muscle activation patterns during gait using one session of biofeedback-driven...

Applying Stretch to Evoke Hyperreflexia in Spasticity Testing: Velocity vs. Acceleration

In neurological diseases, muscles often become hyper-resistant to stretch due to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated stretch reflex response that is considered to primarily depend on the muscle's stretch velocity. However, there is still limited understanding of how different biomechanical triggers applied during clinical tests evoke these reflex...

Gastrocnemius Medialis Muscle Geometry and Extensibility in Typically Developing Children and Children With Spastic Paresis Aged 6–13 Years

Gait of children with spastic paresis (SP) is frequently characterized by a reduced ankle range of motion, presumably due to reduced extensibility of the triceps surae (TS) muscle. Little is known about how morphological muscle characteristics in SP children are affected. The aim of this study was to compare gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle...

Comprehensive evaluation of gait, spasticity, and muscle morphology: A case report of a child with spastic paresis treated with Botulinum NeuroToxin-A, serial casting, and physiotherapy

Comprehensive instrumented muscle and joint assessments should be considered when prescribing Botulinum NeuroToxin-A (BoNT-A) treatment in spastic paresis. In a child with spastic paresis, comprehensive evaluation following treatment with BoNT-A, serial casting, and physiotherapy showed that short-term improvements in gait occurred without...