Gastrocnemius Medialis Muscle Geometry and Extensibility in Typically Developing Children and Children With Spastic Paresis Aged 6–13 Years

Gait of children with spastic paresis (SP) is frequently characterized by a reduced ankle range of motion, presumably due to reduced extensibility of the triceps surae (TS) muscle. Little is known about how morphological muscle characteristics in SP children are affected. The aim of this study was to compare gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle...

Foot flexibility confounds the assessment of triceps surae extensibility in children with spastic paresis during typical physical examinations

Accurate assessment of the talo-crural (ankle) joint angle at physical examination is important for assessing extensibility of m. triceps surae (TS) in children with spastic cerebral paresis (SCP). The main aim of this study was to quantify foot flexibility during standardized measurements of TS muscle-tendon complex extensibility (i.e. based...

Comprehensive evaluation of gait, spasticity, and muscle morphology: A case report of a child with spastic paresis treated with Botulinum NeuroToxin-A, serial casting, and physiotherapy

Comprehensive instrumented muscle and joint assessments should be considered when prescribing Botulinum NeuroToxin-A (BoNT-A) treatment in spastic paresis. In a child with spastic paresis, comprehensive evaluation following treatment with BoNT-A, serial casting, and physiotherapy showed that short-term improvements in gait occurred without...